Offset printing machine with interchangeable application and etching rollers



June 30, 1970 J, scH NK ET AL 3,517,613

OFFSET PRINTING MACH NB WITH INTERQHANGEABLE APPLIGATIQN A 0 ET BBS I l N CHING ROLL Filed March 25, 1968 '7 ShuvLS-Slwot l INVENTORS Heinz Joan i 4'm Sch a'n/(e Harm am $212 Mew fihw H. J. SCHINKE ET AL June 30, 1970 OFFSET PRINTING MACHINE wx'rn INTERCHANGEABLE APPLICATION AND ETCHING ROLLERS Filed March 26, 1968 '7 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENZ'GRS fled 12 Jwcfi'mi SCAM/t3 n 3 1970 H. J. scmmu: rm- 3 517,613

oPrsE'r PRINTING MACHINE urn xu'macuusuu-z MIMUAL'LON nn m'camq ROLLERS Filed Harsh 26. 1968 7 1 1M \Lhlfilhtl F IGAa INVEN folzs ha: 10 6mm m "Her/mm MAM;

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June 30, 1970 H. J. SCHINKE E A OFFSET PRINTING MACHINE WITH INTERCHANGEABLL'I APPLICATIUN AND ETCHING ROLLERS Filed March 26, 1968 7 Sheets-Sheet 4.

INVENTURS l/emz JODM 1/17 Sch 2/152 5 Wm M 176mm June 30, 1970 J, scH N ET AL 3,517,613

OFFSET PRINTING momma WITH INTERCHANGEABLE APIUGATION AND m'cmuo ROLLERS Filfid March 26, 19% '7 ShUQiL ShO-UX b WVE/VTURS Heinz deed/[m Sch/M 2,

Her/0 awn Raul/,2 3 Wm aa/ ewwg J1me 30, 1970 H. J. SCHINKE ET AL 3,517,613

OFFSET PRINTING MACHINE WITH INTERCHANGEABLE APPLICATION AND ETCHING ROLLERS 7 Sheets-Sheet 6 Filed March 26, 1968 FlG.5a 32 31 INI EIVTWS J1me 1970 H. J. SCHINKE ET AL 3,517,613

OFFSET PRINTING MACHINE WITH INTERCHANGEABLE APPLICATION AND ETCHING ROLLERS 7 Sheets-Sheet 7 Filed March 26. 1968 W T, W W W Herman/v Q1041 United States Patent 3,517,613 OFFSET PRINTING MACHINE WITH INTER- CHANGEABLE APPLICATION AND ETCH- ING ROLLERS Heinz Joachim Schinke, Unterkirnach, and Hermann Raible, St. Georgen, Germany, assignors to Math. Bauerle G.m.b.H., St. Georgen, Germany Filed Mar. 26, 1968, Ser. No. 716,141 Claims priority, application Germany, Mar. 28, 1967, B 91,803; Apr. 17, 1967, B 92,104 Int. Cl. B41f 7/24 US. Cl. 101-142 7 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A compact offset duplicating machine is equipped with two application rollers transferring ink and dampening fluid from a common distributor roller to a metal master on the plate cylinder. When paper or plastic foil masters are to be used, one of the application rollers is replaced on its carrier by an etching roller with etching medium supply. The carrier moves the etching roller toward and away from the plate roller during the printing cycle, but this movement is automatically prevented when the etching roller is again replaced by the application roller.

Background of the invention This invention relates to ofiset printing machines, and particularly to compact offset duplicating machines used in commercial and other oflices, and normally handled by clerical help not familiar with printing machinery.

Oflice machines of the type described must occupy as little space as possible. As long as prints of good quality can he produced on a machine of this type by relatively unskilled operators, many advantageous features of larger machines intended for printing shops are not provided to save space. Particularly, the number of rollers which transfer ink and other fluid media to a master is reduced to ,a minimum.

Paper and plastic foil masters are commonly employed for relatively short runs. In order to make such masters receptive to ink and water respectively as needed to reproduce type matter and the like from the master, the master is first subjected to an etching treatment. Unless the offset printing machine is equipped with a built-in etching arrangement, the etching medium must be applied by sponging which requires more skill than can be expected from the personnel for whose use a small offset machine is normally intended.

When metal foil masters are to be employed for extended runs, the etching arrangement is not required and stands idle if provided. Metal foils are also preferred by many when the quality of the printed work should be particularly high. The quality of the printed work is directly related to the number of rollers which directly apply the mixture of ink and aqueous dampening fluid,

hereinafter referred to as water, to the master on the plate roller of the machine. Yet, most compact olfset printing or duplicating machines are equipped with but one application roller because of the need to conserve s cc.

An object of the invention is the provision of an offset printing or duplicating machine capable of handling paper, plastic or metal masters which automatically etches the paper or plastic foil masters, and enhances the quality of Patented June 30, 1970 prints produced from metal masters as compared to prints available from otherwise similar known machines.

Summary of the invention According to one important feature of the invention, a small offset printing machine, which has a distributing roller provided with ink and water in the usual manner and a first application roller engageable with the distributing roller and with a master on the plate cylinder, is equipped with a carrier and with releasable fastening means for alternatively fastening an etching roller supplied with etching medium or a second application roller to the carrier. The operating mechanism of the machine intermittently engages the etching roller, when fastened to the carrier, with a master on the plate cylinder while keeping the etching roller spaced from the distributing roller. When the second application roller is fastened to the carrier by the fastening means, it is simultaneously engaged with the master and with the distributing roller.

In its more specific aspects, the invention provides a carrier member which is movably mounted on the stationary supporting structure of the machine and is moved by the operating mechanism toward and away from a position thereof in which a fastened etching roller engages the master on the plate cylinder. The etching medium is supplied to the roller from a container mounted on the carrier member.

The second application roller may be mounted on the carrier member lay means of a hanger releasably attached to the carrier member. The application roller is greater in diameter than the etching roller, and is resiliently 'biased toward engagement with the plate cylinder and the distributing roller when secured to the carrier member.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the operating mechanism includes a connection between the plate cylinder and the installed etching roller which causes the roller to move into and out of engagement with a master on the plate cylinder in response to each revolution of the plate cylinder. The connection may consist of a cam mounted on the plate cylinder, a cam follower engaging the cam, and a motion transmitting train interposed between the cam follower and the carrier.

For convenient switching between the etching roller and the second application roller, the afore-mentioned motion transmitting train includes two motion transmitting members respectively connected to the cam follower and the carrier, a lost-motion linkage between the two motion transmitting members, and a spring or the like which impedes lost motion of the two motion transmitting members unless inactivated by a control device which becomes effective in response to the fasten ing of the second application roller to the carrier.

Other features, additional objects and many of the at-' tendant advantages of this invention will readily be appreciated from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment of the invention when considered in connection with the appended drawing.

Brief description of the drawing In the drawing:

FIG. 1 shows the several cylinders and rollers of an offset duplicating machine of the invention and associated elements in diagrammatic side elevation with the installed etching arrangement; I

FIG. 2 shows the apparatus of FIG. 1, the etching arrangement being replaced by a second application roller;

FIG. 3 shows the. operating mechanism for the etching arrangement of FIG. 1 in side elevation, and partly in section;

FIGS. 4A to 4C show the mechanism of FIG. 3 in respective diiferent operating positions;

FIGS. A and 5B show a modification of the operating mechanism and etching arrangement of FIGS. 3 to 4C in fragmentary side-elevation; and

FIGS. 6A and 6B show the operating mechanism of FIGS. 5A and 5B in its cooperation with a second application roller.

Description of the preferred embodiment Referring now to the drawing in detail, and initially to FIG. 1, there is shown as much of the system of rollers and cylinders of an offset duplicating machine of the invention as is needed for an understanding of basic features of this invention, the machine being shown in side elevation and by conventional symbols. The ink fountain of the machine is represented by a fountain blade 1 and a fountain roller 2 which transmits ink to a rocking ductor roller 3 intermittently supplying a pair of intermediate rollers 4, 5.

Water is taken from a tray 6 by a fountain roller 7 cooperating with a rocking transfer roller 8. The rollers 3, 8 are moved back and forth, as indicated by double arrows, by means of a non-illustrated linkage operated by an eccentric 9 in a manner not novel in itself. Ink from the blade 1 and *water from the tray 6 are transferred from the rollers 5, 8 to a distributing roller 10, and thence to a first application roller 11 which is in intermittent contact with a plate cylinder 12. The mixture of ink and water ultimately reaches a blanket cylinder 13 as is conventional.

The etching mechanism with which this invention is more specifically concerned includes two carrier arms 14 of which only one is seen in the view of FIG. 1, and which receive a container 15 therebetween. An etching cylinder 16 takes etching solution from an open-celled foam plastic sponge 17 in the container 15. Two hookshaped supporting brackets 18 on the container 15 engage pins 19 on the carrier arms 14. The cylinder 16 is covered by a sleeve 20 of absorbent material and has axially resilient trunnions 21 which engage bores 22 in the arms 14 as shown in FIG. 1. The arms 14 are pivotally mounted on a shaft 23 and are equipped with projecting pins 24 by means of which the arms 14 are operated as will presently be described.

In the condition of the apparatus shown in FIG. 2, the afore-described etching arrangement is replaced by a second application roller 25 mounted on hangers 26 by means of its shaft 27. While the diameter of the etching roller 16 is selected in such a manner that its sleeve engages only the sponge 17 and the plate roller 12, the application roller 25 is large enough to make simultaneous roller contact with the distributing roller 10 and the plate cylinder 12. The etching roller 16 is spaced from the distributing roller 10 in all operative positions of the apparatus in the condition illustrated in FIG. 1.

A helical compression spring 28 tends to shift the shaft 27 radially on each hanger 26 toward engagement with the distributing roller 10 and the plate cylinder 12. Recesses 29 in the ends of the hangers 26 remote from the roller 25 receive the pins 19 of the carrier arms 14.

When the machine is arranged as shown in FIG. 1 for use with paper or plastic masters, it is simple and quickly adapted for use with metal foil masters. The hook-shaped brackets 18 of the container 15 are disengaged from hangers 26 by engaging the recesses 29 withthe pins 19. The conversion is carried out easily and quickly, and does not cause significant machine down-time.

The .mannerin which the carrier arms 14 are operated by means of the afore-mentioned pins 24 is shown in FIG. 3. The control mechanism seen in FIG. 3 prevents the application roller or rollers from engaging the plate cylinder 12 before a foil held on the cylinder has been etched or pre-dampened. Means are also provided for automatically folding foils which are to be attached to the plate cylinder at their front edge only, thereby to prevent damage to the foils. I

FIG. 3 shows the carrier arms 14 and associated elements discussed above on a larger scale than that of FIGS. 1 and 2. The arms 14 are moved by an elongated, upright, flat control bar 30 which receives the pin 24 in a transversely open slot. The upper end of the bar 30 has a longitudinally open slot 31 in which a pin 32 is movably received. The pin 32 is fixedly mounted on the stationary machine frame, not fully shown in the drawing. The bar 30 may thus move longitudinally relative to the pin 32, and may pivot about the pin. A helical tension spring 33 tends to pull the bar 30 upward, and to pivot it clockwise about the pin 32, as viewed in FIG. 3.

The lower end of the bar 30 is offset at right angles to form an abutment 34. A pin 35 transversely projecting from the bar 30 above the abutment 34 rotatably supports a lever 36 which is biased toward the abutment 34 by a helical spring 37. A longitudinal edge portion of the lever 36 is turned over at right angles to form an abutment 38 which, in the position of the apparatus seen in FIG. 3, is engaged by a radially projecting lug 40 of a cam disc 39.

The cam disc is mounted on a control shaft 41 which is journaled in the machine frame, and which controls all phases of machine operation, as disclosed in more detail in our copending application, Ser. No. 705,656, filed on Feb. 15, 1968. The disc 39 also carries an eccentric axial pin 42 positioned to engage the bottom end of the lever 36 in certain operating positions of the apparatus.

The lower end portions of the control bar 30 and of the lever 36 are guided in a slot of a guide channel 43, the end wall 43a of the slot engaging the bar 30 in the position of FIG. 3.

A radial end face of the plate cylinder 12 carries a radial cam 44 whose cam face is formed with a radial recess 44a. A cam follower 45 received in the recess 44a in the illustrated position of the apparatus is mounted on one arm of a bellcrank lever 47 by means of a short shaft 46. The lever 47 is pivotally mounted on a fixed shaft 48, and its other arm carries two longitudinally spaced pins 49, 50 whose shanks are respectively received in slots 52, 53 of a slide 51 secured on the pins 49, 50 by the enlarged heads of the latter.

An arm 54 of the slide 51 has a notched end face and is separated from the main portion of the slide by a recess 55 whose entrance is restricted by a shoulder 56 of the slide 51. The aforementioned projecting pin 35 may be received either in the notch of the arm 54 or be retained in the recess 55 by the shoulder 56 in operational positions of the apparatus other than that illustrated in FIG. 3.

A helical tension spring 57 connects the bellcrank lever 47 with the slide 51 in such a manner as to bias the slide toward the shaft 48. Another tension spring 58 attached to the lever 47 and to the stationary machine structure tends to pivot the lever on the shaft 48 in a counterclockwise direction, as viewed in FIG. 3, thereby holding the cam follower45 in engagement with the cam face of the cam 44.

A detent 60 is mounted on a fixed pivot pin 59, and its pivotal movement is limited'to a small angle by means on a transverse small bar 61 on the pin 59 which is received in a somewhat oversized bore of the detent. The detent cooperates from time to time with two axially projecting abutment pins 62 on the etching cylinder 16, as will presently become apparent.

FIGS. 4A to 4C illustrate the operation of the apparatus shown in FIG. 3.

While the machine is not operated, the cam disc 39 holds the lug 40 in the ll-oclock position seen in FIG. 4A, and the bar 30 with the lever 36 is offset clockwise from the position of FIG. 3 under the tension of the spring 33. The pin 35 is received in the recess 55 behind the shoulder 56 of the slide 51. The slide is as close to the shaft 48 as the slots 52, 53 and the pins 49, 50 permit. The cam follower 45 is held out of engagement with the cam 44 by the abutting engagement of the pin 35 with the shoulder 56.

When the control shaft 41 is turned approximately 30 clockwise into the position illustrated in FIG. 4B, the non-illustrated drive for the cylinder 12 is energized, and the lug 40 engages the abutment 38 of the lever 36, which in turn engages the abutment 34 of the control bar 30, whereby the bar is pivoted counter-clockwise on the pin 32, not itself visible in FIGS. 4A and 4B, until the bar 30 abuts against the end wall 43a of the slot in the guide channel 43. The control shaft 41 cannot now be turned further.

During the afore-described movement of the bar 30, the pin 35 is shifted in the recess 55 until it clears the shoulder 56 and abuts against the notched arm 54, taking the slide 51 along against the restraint of the spring 57. The bellcrank lever 47 is released by the pin 35 to pivot on its shaft 48 under the tensio'nof the spring 58 until the cam follower 45 engages the face of the cam 44.

When the lever 47 swings further clockwise from the position of FIG. 4B into that shown in FIG. 3 by entry of the cam follower 45 into the cam recess 44a, the pin 35 leaves the recess 55 and is aligned with the notch of the arm 54 when the slide 51, released by the pin 35, moves into the position shown in FIG. 3 under the urging of the spring 57.

The cam 44, continuing its rotary motion with the plate cylinder 12, pivots the lever 47 clockwise as the cam follower 45 leaves the recess 44a, the pin 35 is received in the notch of the arm 54, and the bar 30 is moved longitudinally downward against the restraint of the spring 33. The pin 24, received in the transverse slot of the bar 30, causes the carrier arm 14 to be pivoted counterclockwise on the shaft 23 until the sleeve 20 on the etching roller -16 engages a portion of the surface on the plate cylinder 12 whose angular position relative to the cylinder axis is precisely determined by the location of the cam recess 44a, the point of engagement being just ahead of an axial slot 29' in the plate cylinder surface.

The etching roller 16 rolls along the surface of the plate cylinder 12 over the slot 29', thereby automatically and precisely folding or creasing a paper or plastic master on the plate cylinder until the free end of the detent 60 engages one of the axial pins 62 on the etching cylinder 16, and the pivotal movement of the detent is stopped by the bar 61 in the positionof the apparatus shown in FIG. 4C. The etching cylinder now is blocked, and proper etching and pre-dampening of the master on theplate cylinder 12 is ensured.

The downward movement of the arm 54 in engagement with the pin 35 simultaneously causes the bar 30 to descend into contact with the eccentric axial pin 42 on the cam 39, and the abutment 38 on the lever 36 to clear the lug 40 on the cam 39. During the continuing descent of the bar 30, the control shaft 41 is automatically indexed into the position seen in FIG. 4C, in which the lug 40 is in the l-oclock position.

When the recess 44a of the cam 44 is again aligned with the cam follower 45 by rotation of the plate cylinder, the slide 51 releases the pin 35, and the pin 35 and the bar 30 are moved quickly through the positions shown in FIG. 3 into the positions illustrated in FIG. 4A by the spring 33. All elements thus resume the position shown in FIG. 4A except for the shaft 41 and the cam disc 39.

- The etching roller 16 is thus kept in contact with a master supported on the cylinder in a non-illustrated conventional manner during almost one revolution of the plate cylinder 12 only.

When the etching arrangement is replaced by a second application roller 25, as shown in FIG. 2, the automatic mechanism which moves the etching roller 16 toward and away from the surface of the plate cylinder 12 must be deactivated. This can be done in an obvious, non-illustrated manner by means of a separate operating lever which holds the control rod 30 in the necessary position, or the mechanism described with reference to FIGS. 3 to 4C must be modified for automatically changing its mode of operation when the etching roller 16 and the associated elements are replaced by the application roller 25.

FIGS. 5A to 6B show the modified arrangement in views similar to those of FIGS. 3 to 4C, but portions of the mechanism which remain unchanged have not again been shown. Modified elements are designated by the primed reference numerals of the corresponding elements in the afore-described mechanism.

Referring initially to FIGS. 5A and 5B, the control bar 30' is modified to provide an enlarged, transversely open slot in which the pin 24 is received with much clearance longitudinally of the bar.

The pin 24 is fixedly fastened on modified carrier arms 14' which are biased by a helical tension spring 63 attached to the pin 24 and the machine frame to turn in a clockwise upward direction on the shaft 23. The spring also holds the pin 24 against the upper wall of the slot in the bar 30' and yieldably impedes lost motion between the bar 30 and the pin 24. Pins 19 on the arms 14 carry the tank 15 as described with reference to FIG. 3, and are provided with openings 22 for the trunnionsof the etching roller 16.

The pin 24 also pivotally carries a sheet metal latch 64 of irregular elongated shape. A pin 65 transversely projects from the latch 64 near one of its longitudinal edges. The opposite longitudinal edge has a sharply angular recess 66.

A pin 67 is received in an opening of a carrier arm 14' below the etching roller 16 and carries one end of an arm 68 which is elongated transversely of the latch 64. A notch 69 in the arm 68 receives the afore-mentioned pin 65 in the condition of the device shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B. A helical tension spring 70 which connects the latch 64 with the arm 68 tends to pivot the latch in a clockwise direction and the arm in a counterclockwise direction, as viewed in the drawing.

The ,stationary machine frame which provides a common support for the rollers and cylinders shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 carries a stationary horizontal bar 71 approximately radial relative to the plate cylinder 12. Its end near the cylinder is bent to provide an abutment 72 for a purpose that 'will presently become apparent. A latch releasing lever '73 is mounted on the machine frame by means of apivot not seen in the drawing. The end of one arm of the lever 73 which is seen in the drawing carries a transverse pin 74.

The apparatus shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B is operated in the following manner:

When the control bar 30' moves longitudinally, as described above with reference to the bar 30, and the relative position of the latch 64, the carrier arms 14', and the arm 68 is fixed in the manner illustrated in FIGS. 5A and 5B by engagement of the pin 65 on the latch 64 with the notch 69 in the arm 68 under the tension of the spring 70, the etching roller 16 is moved in the machine cycle toward and away from the plate roller -12, that is, between the positions of FIGS. 5A and 5B. The pin 24 is held by the spring 63 in abutment against the upper wall of the notch in the bar 30' during the movement of the bar.

When the container .15 and the etching roller 16 are removed from the carrier arms 14', and are replaced 7 by a second application roller 25 on hangers 26, as described with reference to FIG. 2, the shaft 27 of the roller 25 abuttingly engages the arm 68 and pivots the arm clockwise against the restraint of the spring 70 so that the pin 65 leaves the notch 69.

When the bar 30' is lowered during normal operation of the machine, the application roller 25 moves into simultaneous contact with the plate cylinder 12 and the distributing roller under the pressure of the springs 28 which have been omitted from FIGS. 6A, 6B for the sake of clarity. The recessed longitudinal edge of the latch 64 is held against the offset end 72 of the stationary bar 71 by the spring 70 during the downward bar movement, and slides along the end 72 until the latter drops into the recess 66 and thereby prevents upward return movement of the latch 64. When the control bar 30 is moved upward, the pin 24 stands still, and the wide slot in the bar 30' travels up and down in lost motion relative to the stationary pin 24 during the operation of the machine. The spring 63 is deactivated.

When it is desired again to replace the second application roller 25 by the etching arrangement, the releasing lever 73 is manually pivoted in a clockwise direction so that its pin 74 abuttingly engages the lower end of the recessed longitudinal edge of the latch 64, and the latch is shifted out of engagement with the bar 71 toward the right, as viewed in FIGS. 6A and 6B, until the pin 65 on the latch drops into the recess 69 in the arm 68, and the fixed relative position of the carrier arms 14', the latch 64, and the arm 68 is restored.

It should be understood, of course, that the foregoing disclosure relates only to a preferred embodiment of the invention, and that it is intended to cover all changes and modifications of the example of the invention herein chosen for the purpose of the disclosure which do not constitute departures from the spirit and scope of the invention set forth in the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. In an offset printing machine having a rotatable plate cylinder adapted to carry a master, ink fountain means and water fountain means, a distributing roller, transfer roller means operatively interposed between each of said fountain means and said distributing roller for transferring ink and water respectively from said foun tain means to said distributing roller, a first application roller engageable with said distributing roller and with a master on said plate cylinder for transferring said ink and water from said distributing roller to said master, and a common support for said cylinder and for each of said rollers, the improvement which comprises:

(a) carrier means on said support;

(b) an etching roller;

(0) supply means for supplying etching medium to said etching roller;

(d) a second application roller;

(e) releasable fastening means for alternatively fastening said etching roller or said second application roller to said carrier means; and

(f) operating means of intermittently engaging said etching roller, when fastened to said carrier means by said fastening means, with a master on said plate 8 cylinder. while keeping the etching rollenspaced from said distributing roller, and for simultaneously engaging said second application roller, when fastened to said carrier means by said fastening means, with said master and with said distributing roller.

2. In *a'machine as set forth'in claim 1, said carrier beans including a carrier member movably mounted on said support, said operating means including means for moving said carrier member on said support toward and away from a position in which said etching roller, if fastened to said carrier means, engages said master on said plate cylinder, said supply means including a container adapted to hold said etching medium and mounted on said carrier member.

3. In a machine as set forth in claim 2, said fastening means including a hanger, and releasable means for securing said hanger to said carrier member, said second application roller being mounted on said. hanger.

4. In a machine as set forth in claim 3, the diameter of said second application roller being substantially greater than the diameter of said etching roller, and said operating means including resilient means biasing said second application roller toward engagement with said plate cylinder and with said distributing roller when said hanger is secured to said carrier member.

5. In a machine as set forth in claim 1, said operating means including connecting means operatively connecting said plate'cylinder and said carrier means for moving said etching cylinder when fastened to said carrier means into and outof engagement with said master relative to said plate cylinder in response to each revolution of said plate cylinder. 9

6. In a macihne as set forthin claim 5, said connecting means including a cam mounted on said plate cylinder for rotation therewith, a cam follower engaging said cam, and motion transmitting means operatively interposed between said cam follower and said carrier means.

7. In a machine as set forth in claim 6, said motion transmitting means including two motion transmitting members respectively connected to said cam follower and to said carrier means, a lost-motion linkage between said members and yieldably resilient means for impeding lost motion of said two motion transmitting members relative to each other, said operating means including control means responsive to the fastening of said second application roller to said carrier means for inactivating saidyieldably resilient means.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,120,771 12/1914 Wagner et a1 101-143 XR 2,607,291 8/ 1952 Jacobson 101l4 8 2,622,521 12/1952 Larsen 101148t 3,168,037 2/1965 Dahlgren 1O1148 EDGAR S. BURR, Primary Examiner U.S. Cl. X.R. 101-148 

